Safflower is a unique annual that is native to the Mediterranean. It does well in hot, sunny locations, and blooms during the summer months. Its foliage is thistle-like, and the flowers grow in varying shades of yellow, white, and orange.

Plant indoors 8 weeks before the last frost. Or, start directly outdoors after danger of frost has passed.

Plant in full sun with dry, light, well-drained soil.

• You have two options for planting seeds: Sow them directly into the garden at a depth of 1/4 inch after the risk of frost has passed. Alternatively, start seeds indoors 8 weeks before the average last frost date in spring.
• Presoak seeds overnight before planting 1 - 2 seeds per cell or plant.
• Once seedlings sprout, ensure they receive plenty of light by placing them on a sunny windowsill or positioning them 3-4 inches below fluorescent plant lights that are switched on for 16 hours daily and off for 8 hours at night. Adjust the lights as the plants grow taller. Avoid using incandescent bulbs as they generate excessive heat. Remember, most plants need a period of darkness to thrive, so do not keep the lights on for 24 hours.
• Transplant into garden when temperatures are consistently warm.
• Before transplanting seedlings into the garden, it's essential to "harden them off". This involves acclimating young plants to outdoor conditions by placing them in a sheltered outdoor area for about a week. Initially, shield them from strong winds and direct sunlight. If there's a risk of frost overnight, either cover the plants or bring them indoors, then return them outside in the morning. This hardening off method helps strengthen the plant's cell structure, minimizing transplant shock and sun damage.
• Space plants 6 - 10 inches apart in garden.

• Keep weeds under control during the growing season. Weeds compete with plants for water, space and nutrients, so control them by either cultivating often or use a mulch to prevent their seeds from germinating.
• Mulches play a vital role in preserving soil moisture and ensuring consistent soil temperatures. When it comes to annuals, using organic mulch made from shredded leaves not only enhances the appearance of the bed but also enriches the soil as it decomposes over time. Remember to keep mulch away from the plant stems to avoid potential rot issues.
• Safflower does not require much water, as it is drought-tolerant.
• To harvest flowers, use thick gloves(as the plants are very sharp). Pinch tops of flowers, pull upwards until the centers come out, holding onto the plant so it does not come out of the soil.